The full form of DBMS is Database Management System. It is software that helps organizations manage their large amount of data with ease. The user can create, delete, update, retrieve, and store the information through this software.
Almost every organization incorporated the DBMS as a way to handle and manage their databases. It is the mode of connection between the user and the software. The user can analyze the data and make the right decision.
DBMS helps manage the database engine, the database, and the schema that allows better integrity, concurrency, and data security.
Characteristics of DBMS
Real-World Entity
It uses real-world entities now to save the data. For example, an organization can save the data of employees using their name as the entity and the employee code or date of birth as their attributes.
Isolation of Data
Databases contain the unique data and the metadata for each data. Metadata is data about data, and in this process, the database is active, and information is presumed to be passive.
Relation-based Table
The DBMS allows the data to be stored in the form of a table. This feature helps the organization make data unique and quickly go through all the data attributes.
Data Consistency
There are several scenarios where data consistency is essential. For example, the customer has updated the new address in the savings account. However, the current report shows the old address, which is wrong. But the DBMS helps in managing such inconsistencies.
ACID Properties
ACID stands for atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. The ACID concept helps in maintaining the data in healthy states.
Types of DBMS
Hierarchical Database
IBM started the concept of a hierarchy database in 1960. The data is stored in the form of a tree-like structure. One single field can hold only one piece of information, and it is connected through links.
The data represents the parent-child relationship where a child can have a single parent, but the parent can have many children.
Network Databases
Large digital computers use the network database. In this DBMS system, the network is presented in the form of a cobweb.
Though it is the same as hierarchy DBMS, the point of difference is that it establishes the relation between multiple entities. In contrast, the child entity can have a single parent in the hierarchy.
Under this database system, the children are referred to as the members, and the parents are referred to as occupiers.
Object-Oriented Model
It helps in ensuring the database programming capabilities while choosing the language compatibility. It helps in writing the complete database program with minimal effort.
This application uses more natural data modeling while requiring less code. It contains the databases that are small and recyclable forms called objects. These objects are stored in the object-oriented form.
The object may contain the two elements:
- A piece of data like sound, audio, graphics, or text.
- Different software programs.
Relational DBMS
A relational database is a widely used database in different industries, which uses the structured query language to write the RDBMS.
The RDBMS uses the table and stores the data in the columns and rows form. Each column represents the attribute, and the row represents the record. It also uses the key to identify each row uniquely.
This key is also used to establish the link between other tables. Some of the examples of RDBMS are SQL Server, Oracle, and IBM DB2.
Application of DBMS
Nowadays, DBMS has diversified uses. Almost every organization – be it private or Government and every industry- uses it to ease their workload while managing the data hassle-free. Some of the applications are listed below:
Banking and finance
- It manages the customer information and their account activities.
- It stores information related to payments and loans.
- Sales and purchase of financial instruments like stocks and bonds.
Colleges and Universities
- It helps in recording student information.
- Course registration.
- Maintaining the academic record of the student.
Telecommunications‘
- It keeps a record of calls.
- It helps in maintaining the details of customers and their monthly bills.
- Maintaining balances.
HR Management
- It contains the information of the employees like name, address, telephone number, etc.
- Payroll and salary processing
- About appraisal, designation, and employee performance.
Manufacturing and sales
- It stores the stock and inventory in the warehouses.
- It helps an organization know about product tracking and the supply chain.
- It keeps product and sales information.
Components of DBMS
- Hardware – It consists of storage devices like hard disk, RAM, and ROM.
- Software – It acts as the interface between the user and the database.
- Data – Data is the main component of the database, without which it has no relevance. It handles, manages, retrieves, and deletes the data.
- User – The users of the database who can access the data. The users can be native users, specialized users, or online users.